Helping Adult Learners Learn - Part 4 - Problem Students

In our last three posts, we examined how adults learn, and why interactive methods are important in that learning process. We discussed practical teaching methods that encourage buy-in from adult students, and we considered some guidelines for implementing those methods.

We might be tempted to think that if we apply the principles of interactive teaching and incorporate some of the methods in our classes, all of our adult students will respond positively. Well…maybe not! Although the majority of your students will enjoy this approach, there will be some who are reluctant to join in, some who just plain refuse to do so and others who want to take over your class! What do you do with these students? Glad you asked!

Reluctant students Not everyone is a born-participator. Some of us prefer to be spectators for various reasons. In some cases, students may prefer to just watch because they are shy or lack self-confidence. They don’t know you or the other students very well and they don’t want to risk looking foolish. (This is why you should never plan skits, role plays or other “performance” methods early in your course!) In some cases, students may feel intimidated about interacting with the opposite sex or by class members with a more dominant personality.

Some students may be reluctant to participate because they lack experience related to the topic. They feel their participation will not contribute to the class

Other students are simply spectators by nature. These are analytical people who learn by watching and reflecting. Eventually, they may want to join the activity, but only after they’ve had time to process it.

So, what do you do with reluctant students? You take the pressure off by giving them permission to “pass” on the activity. You do this before the activity by saying something like this:

“Each small group will prepare and present a brief role play to show us how you would handle a particular discipline situation in club. You don’t all have to perform the role play. Some of you can help with ideas of what to do, or if you’re not sure, just be there for “moral support”.

With those directions from my instructor, my reluctant spirit is put at ease, realizing I can choose my own level of involvement with which I am comfortable. And I might just surprise you by deciding to participate fully! (Note: don’t let other students pressure group members to participate!)

Resistant students The resistant student is a little different from the reluctant one. While the reluctant student is often afraid to participate for various reasons, the resistant student stubbornly refuses to cooperate. What do we do with this student? Change the location of the class next week…and don’t tell him? Tempting as that solution may be, let’s try another approach!

First, be careful not to jump to conclusions about these students—and don’t take their resistance personally. There may be many reasons why they refuse to participate. You have no control over some factors. For example, their resistance may be a result of not feeling well. We all have those days when we would just rather be left alone! It could be that this student is dealing with family or job-related stress. Perhaps this student had a bad experience in the past when he or she was embarrassed in a group activity.

There may be other reasons (that you may have inadvertantly caused) for students to resist an activity. Perhaps this student does not see the value in the activity. (That could happen if you fail to share the rationale behind the activity first!) Maybe the activity itself has not been well explained. If students are confused about what to do, they will be resistant to do it! Another reason some may resist is that the activity is inappropriate for their age, experience or physical capability.

Occasionally, you may have students who have a critical spirit, are argumentative or simply disruptive. If this is the case, you will probably have observed their bad attitude in other ways such as negative body language, rude comments or lack of respect toward you or other students.

What do you do with a resistant student? If the student’s behavior is not disruptive to the rest of the class, leave him or her alone. If you are aware of precipitating factors over which you have no control, let the student know that you are praying for him or her and that you are available if the individual needs to talk.

If the student makes comments that indicate the problem has to do with the activity itself, take steps to correct the problem Most likely other students feel the same way, but are not as bold to let you know! Be certain to explain the rationale for the activity. Ask students if your instructions need to be clarified. Consider whether you may have chosen an activity that is inappropriate for your audience. If so, go to “plan B”!

If the student is disruptive, you need to address the problem privately. Take the student aside at the earliest possible time and tell him or her what you are observing and how it is affecting the group. Ask the person’s cooperation in changing behavior; if it continues, ask him or her to leave.

Dominant students Occasionally we all have students who want to take over the class like a dictator in a third-world country! Sometimes these students just have strong personality styles. They are big-picture people who get impatient waiting for others to catch up. They want to move things along at their own pace.

Other dominant students feel that their superior knowledge makes you somewhat obsolete and that they could do a better job. They seek any opportunity to display their expertise on the subject and can quickly dominate a discussion, buzz group or other activity.

Still other dominant students are just bullies. They want to impose their views on everyone else and aggressively seek to intimidate others.

Dominant behavior that is aggressive and harmful is often, surprisingly, rooted in fear or hurt. These individuals may have deep insecurities about their own ability and use dominance to give themselves some sense of control.

The problem with dominant students is how other students respond to them. Some will simply stop trying to participate, knowing that the dominant one will answer the question or be the group’s spokesperson. Others are drawn into arguments with the individual, taking the class off focus.

So, what do you do as in instructor? When dealing with a dominant student, don’t be intimidated by him or her. You need to be in control of the class session at all times. Always deal with this type of student privately.

If the student is simply one who needs to move ahead more quickly, give him or her an extra assignment that will provide a challenge. Have these students research a principle in Scripture, find statistics online or interview others on a particular topic. Be sure to give them opportunity to report back in class. You may also need to tactfully let the person know that, while you appreciate his or her contributions in class, you want others to have a chance to also participate. Ask the student to help you draw out the quieter students by holding back occasionally on answers.

If you sense the student is dominating just to show off or bully others, you need to take firm action. Do not let this student draw you into a public debate or confrontation. This is a control device that some personalities use to assert themselves. Meet privately with this student and follow the steps given above related to the resistant, disruptive student. Let these students know that their behavior is unacceptable and needs to change.

You need to seek God’s wisdom in dealing with any of these problem people. God knows the deep heart needs of all your students. He may want to use you be a catalyst for change in their lives. Ask God to control your words and attitude by His Holy Spirit, so that you are able to deal with these difficult personalities in love. Pray for God’s protection over your courses and students. Also, look for ways God is shaping you as an instructor through the experiences you gain from working with challenging people.

Have you had experience with any of these problem students? How did you handle it? Click COMMENT below and share your story with us!

Helping Adult Learners Learn - Part 3 - Guidelines

Welcome back for part three in our series on helping adult learners learn. Since we have so much info to share, we are going to expand the series to four parts.

We will address guidelines for using interactive methods in this post and save our discussion on problem students for the next one. So be sure to come back next week for part four!

So far we have considered the way adults learn—how they are self-motivated, need to understand the rationale behind the theory and enjoy interactive methods.

In our last post we examined specific ways to engage adults in the learning process. We looked at four purposes of interactive learning and how to implement them in our training.

Now we turn our attention to guidelines for implementing interactive methods effectively. Using these methods is all about getting adult students to buy-in to what you are teaching, gaining their eager and willing participation in the learning process. There are several guidelines that will help bring students along in this process:

1. Explain the rationale This concept was introduced in the first post, but let’s examine it a little more closely. You will achieve buy in much sooner if you let students know why you are asking them to do a particular activity. Do you want students to perform role plays? Begin by telling them why:

“Each buzz group should talk about the discipline situation on your card and how to handle it appropriately, then you will show us through a brief role play. Pooling your ideas and presenting your role play will hopefully yield some unique approaches to these situations that will be a help to all of us when we face similar scenarios.”

This explanation helps students understand that the role play activity serves a significant purpose in their learning.

Here's another example. Suppose you are planning to give a pre-test. Begin by telling your students why:

“I’m sure many of you have helped newly-saved children begin to grow in their faith. Before we look at our student manual, I’d like to know what you think on this subject. Please take a few moments to jot down three or four things you feel are most important to share with newly-saved children. In a few moments I’ll ask a couple of you to share your thoughts with us.”

With simple explanations like these, students see the purpose or value in what you are asking them to do, and they are more likely to give their cooperation.

2. Ease them into it No one likes to be put on the spot. Performing role plays or skits, giving reports or even participating in buzz groups can be socially risky activities, especially if students do not know you or each other very well. Always use the least threatening methods in the early part of your course. Methods like neighbor nudge or writing down questions to hand in anonymously are easier for people to do in a new group setting. Save the more public methods like shout outs and role plays for later in the training.

3. Match activity with the audience You need to “read” your audience! Note the average age and capability of your students. Older folks may not want to do activities that involve a lot of physical movement; some adult students may have trouble reading or writing quickly; young adults might enjoy methods involving technology.

Older students might enjoy doing a casual Scripture search to examine the biblical basis for a subject, while younger students (who all have cell phones!) might enjoy a text-messaging showdown to see who can text you the answer to a question first!

If you try a method and your students don’t enjoy or benefit from it, don’t automatically assume it’s a bad method. It might be the right method for a different type of group!

4. Give students permission to pass Never pressure adult learners to participate in a method. Letting them know they can pass on the activity removes the fear. Many will participate if they know it’s their own choice to do so.

5. Intersperse activity throughout the class time Look at your material and find natural places to split it into sections. Place an interactive activity between each section. You may want to conclude a section of lecture with a brief (60 second) activity that allows students to summarize what was taught. You may want to begin a section with an activity that helps students connect with the topic, etc. Try not to go for more then 10-12 minutes without some type of interaction. (See part two for method ideas!)

6. Close with an interactive challenge Using an interactive method in your conclusion can bring a class session to a meaningful close and ensure retention of what was taught.

For example, you might ask a question such as, “Think for a moment about all we have talked about in this session. What is one key idea you will put into practice in your next children’s class? Write it down or circle it in your notes, then take a moment to silently commit that plan to the Lord.”

A variation might be to have students tell the person next to them the key idea they received from the class session. Having students tell or write the key idea helps seal that thought in their minds and hearts.

We hope these guidelines will help you as you seek to implement interactive methods in your teaching. Be sure to come back to the Café next week and learn what to do with those rascally problem students!

Helping Adult Learners Learn - Part 2 - Methods

Welcome back to the second in our three-part series on adult learners. In the previous post, we discussed the importance of seeing adult learners differently in some ways from children. Although adults, like children, have different learning styles and enjoy multi-sensory methods, they are basically self-motivated in their learning. We also noted that adults need to know the rationale behind what you are teaching them.

Now let’s consider how to engage adults in the learning process. Most adults, regardless of learning styles, respond to interactive methods of teaching. They need to participate in order to aid learning and retention. While a certain amount of lecture is necessary to convey new information, the lecture needs to be interspersed with activity that allows your adult students to interact with the topic and with each other.

These interactive methods can accomplish at least four purposes: 1) to help students make connections between themselves, the material and fellow students; 2) to discern needs in your students; 3) to check their understanding and retention of key principles; 4) to help students internalize what is taught and implement it.

Such interactive methods aid the “buy-in” factor—raising your students' interest and desire to learn what you want to teach them. Following are a few ideas on how to accomplish each of the four purposes. Much of this material is gleaned from training expert Sharon Bowman. These and many other good ideas can be found in articles on her Web site, http://www.bowperson.com/.

1) Making Connections Students need to connect with themselves and other students regarding the topic. Have them interact with the material and each other right from the start of the session. This accomplishes several things. It acknowledges their prior experience, gives them a chance to show what they know and in some cases, helps them see what they don’t know.

• Connection Question After your introduction and link, you might begin the content for the class on Teaching Children to Pray by saying, “I’m sure many of you have helped children learn how to pray—either your own children or in a classroom. What are some of the key principles you feel are important for kids to know about prayer?” Don’t comment on their answers, just acknowledge them. As you cover the content of the session, you may want to refer back to some of their input.



• Neighbor Nudge Have them turn to the person next to them and tell just one or two things they feel are important to teach children about prayer (without looking in their student manual).
  
  

2) Discerning Needs These are methods that help you understand what information your students may be lacking regarding a particular topic.

• Pre-Test Give your students a short quiz (verbal or written) at the beginning of your class session such as, List five key principles you feel are important regarding classroom discipline or List three reasons why children might respond repeatedly to a Gospel invitation. Student responses will reveal what they know, what misconceptions they may have and what information is lacking. It also helps students realize their need for the information you plan to teach.



• Index Cards Give each student an index card and ask them to write one or two questions they hope to have answered in the class session ahead (no names on cards). Collect the cards and read the questions aloud. At the end of the session, ask if everyone had their questions answered.



• Case Studies Begin your session by sharing one or more case studies concerning the issue you will address in the class (counseling problems, discipline situations, children struggling to memoriae verses, etc.). Let students briefly discuss how they would handle the situation without giving any definitive answers. This again brings their need to the surface, both for you and for them.
  
  

3) Checking Understanding Every so often in a class session, it’s important to check on how your adult students are grasping the material and correct any wrong ideas.

• 60 Second Pop-Ups At the end of a section of notes, give the class 60 seconds to pop-up and give one response each to a question from material already taught. Use a kitchen timer to count down the seconds. This can also be a good review or summarization activity at the end of a class session or to review a previous class.



• Shout Outs This is quick, verbal brainstorming. Give students a list to recall (IPEAR steps, five steps in giving an invitation, etc.) and have them shout out the answers. Don’t take time to discuss answers, just get them as quickly as you can.



• Stretch Questions After completing a section of material, have students stand to stretch, then tell them they must earn their seats back by giving answers to a question.



• Break Questions When a break is coming up on the schedule, tell students they must give 10 key points from the material just covered before they can take their 10 minute break.

4) Making it Stick It’s one thing for students to answer questions in class, but it’s another to get them to internalize the material for future use. You need to think about how to move adult learners from theory to practice.

• Think It – Ink It At the end of a section or of the class session, give students a few moments to reflect on what was taught, then ask them to write down two or three key points they got from the material and how or when they will implement them.



• Take-Aways Close your session by asking volunteers to stand and state one or two key ideas they will take away from the class session. This is a good way to review the material as well as learning what your students consider important points.



• Challenge Question Hand each student a card with a challenge question to answer such as, The most important idea I will take from this class session and use in my next children’s class is (fill in the blank). The act of writing down their response helps to seal it into their thinking. It also helps them see that their learning is not over at the end of class, it has just begun.

Well, that’s a lot to chew on! In next week’s post, we will have the third and final part in our series on Helping Adult Learners to Learn. We will wrap up this topic by considering some guidelines for using these methods, and what to do with “problem” students. So be sure to come back to the Café next week for part three!